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Even though Section 715.4 titled “Exterior Curtain Wall/Floor Intersection” requires that the void created where the non-rated exterior curtain wall and rated floor or floor/ceiling assemblies intersect shall be sealed with an approved material or system, tested to ASTM E 2307, Standard Test Method for Determining Fire Resistance of Perimeter Fire Barriers Using Intermediate-Scale, Multi-story Test Apparatus, to retard the interior spread of fire and hot gases between stories, the spread of fire from the leap frog effect is not really addressed in the IBC building codes.Ī New Testing Method to Measure Leap-frog Risk However, there is an exception, for buildings equipped with an automatic sprinkler system throughout. This section goes on to state that the openings shall be separated by a minimum 3 inches of rated spandrel. Section 705.8.5 further specifies the opening in the lower story is not a protected opening with a fire protection rating of not less than. Section 705.8.5 requires openings in exterior walls in adjacent stories to be separated vertically to protect against exterior fire spread on buildings where the openings are within 5 feet of each other horizontally. This Section specifies that the height and fire-resistance requirements for curtain wall spandrels shall comply with Section 705.8.5. Consider Section 715.5 of the International Building Code.
#FROG LEAP TEST CODE#
The building code can make navigating this risk both complex and confusing. Similar to an upward cascade of dominoes, this method of propagation drives a fire up the building’s exterior floor by floor.ĭesign factors can contribute to vertical fire spread when a building’s curtain wall construction design does not specify adequate spandrel height protection.
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#FROG LEAP TEST WINDOWS#
In a leap-frog situation, the force of flame and hot gasses exiting a lower window moves up the building and in turn breaks out the vision glass on windows of the level above, bypassing interior sprinkler systems and allowing flames to re-enter the building. While active life safety systems such as sprinklers focus on containing a fire to its room of origin, active systems do not address fire that spreads externally up the side of a building. In designing and specifying exterior wall components and systems, this testing method should be considered in future updates of the International Building Code.Īn Uncategorized Risk in the Building Code We will also consider a new testing method-ASTM E2874-19 for assessing risk of fire spread vertically from floor to floor. First, we will look at a situation referred to as “leap-frog.” Next, we will consider the risk posed by combustible building materials used in the exterior wall cavity or exterior facade. This article will address two important factors that can contribute to vertical fire spread. In the aftermath of Grenfell, much conversation has focused on what factors may have conspired to accelerate the fire’s vertical spread and how post-fire findings can be applied to prevent future loss of life in high-rise fires. The rapid vertical fire spread greatly limited time for first responders to rescue people in the high-rise. Tragically, the Grenfell fire claimed more than 70 lives as flames climbed 20 stories in just 35 minutes.
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Prior to the June 2017 Grenfell Tower fire in the United Kingdom, relatively little focus was placed on the factors that contribute to vertical fire spread.